A total aside from crypto, in order to impede spammers, a variation of PoW has been proposed for email. For example, if email programs had to solve a puzzle that took just 15 seconds before sending ...

For better accountability, we should shift the focus from the design of these systems to their impact. Getty Describing a decision-making system as an “algorithm” is often a way to deflect ...

A blockchain consensus mechanism that determines which miner can add transactions to the blockchain based on the amount of crypto the miner holds. The more crypto and the longer it is held (the more ...

In the age of Facebook and Netflix, the word “algorithm” has become so ubiquitous, and its connotation so amorphous, that it’s verging on jargon—maybe even cliché. The Atlantic’s Ian Bogost has ...

Patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of rapid accrual of disability and disease progression, so early detection is critical The window of opportunity for treating ...